Purpose to investigate the selective activation of the infraspinatus muscle while minimizing the use of the posterior deltoid muscles during common shoulder external rotation exercises. Additional information frozen shoulder is a term used to describe a range of conditions, all of which can be treated. Meaning if infra was a person, hed likely be taking mirror selfies in front of the mirror in between curls sets and negative bench pressing way more than he should. In human anatomy, the infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. Spina was originally used to describe any thornlike or pointed projection, like the spinous processes of the vertebrae. Infraspinatus muscle atrophy from suprascapular nerve. Always check the blue pages in the back of the bluebook table 1 to ensure that the spacing of. The infraspinatus, one of the rotator cuff muscles, lies on the outside of the lower 23 of the shoulder blade. Pain or the inability to resist medial rotation indicates a positive test for an. Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and minor deltoid muscle for indepth information on the deltoid muscle, including its origins, insertions, and actions, see link, as above. Ta intrinsic scapulohumeral muscle of shoulder joint, the tendon of which contributes to the formation of the rotator cuff. It provides shoulder joint stability and along with the teres minor muscle externally rotates the arm at the shoulder. Infraspinatus test this test assesses for infraspinatus strain the patient stands with the arm at the side with the elbow at 90 degrees and the humerus medially rotated to 45 degrees.
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus action. With that in mind, here is a list of some of the more obscure bluebook rules. Selective activation of the infraspinatus during various. Apr 21, 2020 an injury to the infraspinatus can occur due to overuse or repetitive motion of the muscle. A novel lesion of the infraspinatus characterized by. When i add new footnotes, the numbering in supra citations. Action laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint. Infraspinatus definition in the cambridge english dictionary. The infraspinatus muscle is a triangularshaped muscle that is located at the back of the shoulder joint, on the back surface of the scapula shoulder blade. I have a complete tear of my supraspinatus tendon wretraction and a 1 inch tear in my infraspinatus.
Disorders of the infraspinatus tendon and bursa in three. Supraspinatus tendonitis is a tendinopathy a condition that surrounds a tendon and involves the shoulder and head of the humorous. Fibrous intramuscular septa give added attachment to the multipennate fibers, which converge to slide freely over the bare area of the scapula at its glenoid angle. Bluebook citation for llm students harvard library research guides. The therapist applies a medial rotation force that the patient resists. The infraspinatus can be palpated inferior to the spine of the scapula when the arm is laterally rotated against the resistance. Weird bluebook rules bluebook citations libguides at william s. Infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder joint. The tendon of the infraspinatus muscle is one of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and constitute the rotator cuff.
Analgesics and nsaids such as asa, acetaminophen or ibuprofen are often used to treat the pain but these drugs do nothing to treat the actual condition. University of chicago manual of legal citation, known as the maroonbook. An injury to the infraspinatus can occur due to overuse or repetitive motion of the muscle. It is actually a very common condition caused by friction when the arm is lifted sideways. Lateral rotators of the shoulder include the infraspinatus and teres minor. Aug 15, 2006 case description3 horses with penetrating wounds to the shoulder area were examined because of forelimb lameness clinical findingsall horses had physical examination findings decreased cranial phase of the stride, swelling in the shoulder region, and signs of pain on manipulation of the shoulder that were suggestive of problems in the upper portion of the forelimb. The arm is then laterally rotated and slightly adducted. Sports that involve heavy use of the muscle, especially those such as baseball, tennis, or swimming where the arm is rotated often, may cause damage.
The english name for this muscle is the muscle below the spine. Subjects thirtytwo ablebodied volunteers 18 males, 14 females. The infraspinatus tendon helps support the shoulder joint, and allows for flexion and external rotation of the shoulder. Isolated injury of the infraspinatus branch of the. How do i cite a source that ive already cited in another footnote. The infraspinatus arises in a trough below the scapular spine, hence its name infra means below. This may limit peoples ability to brush their hair or put on clothing. The american college of veterinary surgeons is the agency by which veterinarians are certified as specialists in surgery. Case description3 horses with penetrating wounds to the shoulder area were examined because of forelimb lameness clinical findingsall horses had physical examination findings decreased cranial phase of the stride, swelling in the shoulder region, and signs of pain on manipulation of the shoulder that were suggestive of problems in the upper portion of the forelimb. Selective activation of the infraspinatus muscle article pdf available in journal of athletic training 483.
Infraspinatus definition of infraspinatus by medical dictionary. N2 a 30yearold recreational baseball player developed dominantsided infraspinatus atrophy and shoulder pain after throwing a baseball. The objective is to provide surgeons and other healthcare providers the information critical for treating persons with complex peripheral nerve trauma. Origin medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa. This test assesses for infraspinatus strain the patient stands with the arm at the side with the elbow at 90 degrees and the humerus medially rotated to 45 degrees. The infraspinatus tendon helps support the shoulder joint, and allows for. Rotator cuff tears are difficult to manage because of the structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of the supraspinatus tendon. Pdf an anatomical study of the transverse part of the. A muscle that assists the lifting of the arm while turning the arm outward external rotation. Supra and hereinafter have special rules for their use.
A rotator cuff tear is an injury of one or more of the tendons or muscles of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. The mission of acvs is to advance the art and science of surgery and promote excellence in animal health care through research, education and service to the public. The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that make up the rotator cuff. It has been described in cases of denervation, such as in parsonage turner syndrome3, 16 or with compression of the suprascapular nerve. To do this, the patient must lie prone, supporting themselves on their elbows and forearms. Previously, we showed that with the arm at the side, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons mechanically interact such that conditions that increase supraspinatus tendon strain, such as load or fullthickness tears, also increase infraspinatus tendon strain. The infraspinatous muscle is one of the four muscles that. Infraspinatus is the lateral rotator of the humerus. The infraspinatus is one of four rotator cuff muscles, responsible for keeping the ball in the socket as the shoulder moves. The term infra is latin meaning below or underneath and spinatus comes from the latin spina meaning thorn.
It originates on the back of the scapula shoulder blade and attaches to the. Mar 30, 2016 meaning if infra was a person, hed likely be taking mirror selfies in front of the mirror in between curls sets and negative bench pressing way more than he should. The infraspinatus is a thick and triangular muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology, histology and innervation of the infraspinatus muscle, in order to construct an anatomical basis for diagnoses and operative procedures.
We reported on new footprints of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, which represented that humeral insertion of the supraspinatus was localized in the anteromedial portion of the highest impression of the greater tuberosity and the insertion of the infraspinatus extended to. With the arm fixed, it abducts the inferior angle of the scapula. Rotator cuff rc muscle activity is crucial for the normal performance of shoulder motion. Mar, 2016 the infraspinatus arises in a trough below the scapular spine, hence its name infra means below. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and for. A bursa lies between the two and it sometimes communicates with the.
An anatomical study of the transverse part of the infraspinatus muscle that is closely related with the supraspinatus muscle. Infraspinatus and teres minor are tested together as a group. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus anatomy study buddy. Aug 08, 2018 infraspinatus is supplied by the suprascapular nerve c5 and c6.
The infraspinatus and teres minor insert onto the back part of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, as shown in figure 1. The shoulder muscles deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus. Infraspinatus muscle an overview sciencedirect topics. Since altering the glenohumeral abduction from 0 to 60 caused an increase in maximum principal strain in the supraspinatus tendon in conjunction with a drop in infraspinatus tendon strain to near 0%, these results support that the interaction between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons may have a strain shielding effect. Supraspinatus tendonitis causes and treatments enkiverywell. Pdf selective activation of the infraspinatus muscle. We used 51 shoulders without rotator cuff tears of 27 japanese cadavers embalmed by. The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. It provides the primary muscle force for external rotation of the shoulder.
Examination can be confusing because the infraspinatus and teres minor are innervated by different nerves. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Insertion middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint. It functions primarily to rotate your arm outwards and to pull your arm back, such as when swinging a bat or golf club. Along with the rest of the rotator cuff muscles it provides stability to the shoulder complex. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles starts from 2 large fossae, 1 above and 1 below the spine, on the posterior surface of the scapula. Im hesitant because i have full range now wsome weakness, pain. Infraspinatus trigger points pressure pointer web site.
Insertion middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint, held in place with ligaments and muscles. Supra and infraspinatus muscles lecturio online learning. Uppermost facet of the greater tubercle of humerus action.
Symptoms may include shoulder pain, which is often worse with movement, or weakness. My surgeon says i have a surgery window of 6 months due to the retraction deterioation. Legal citation, the bluebook, and the anxiety of authority. The infraspinatus muscle has its origin in the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the. Infraspinatus arises from beneath a dense fascia from the medial threefourths of the infraspinous fossa. I have a complete tear of my supraspinatus tendon w. Additional information frozen shoulder is a term used to describe a range of conditions, all of which can be treated very successfully with clinical thai bodywork techniques. As one of the four muscles of the rotator cuff, the main function of the infraspinatus is to externally rotate the humerus and stabilize the shoulder joint. Dec 27, 2009 i have a complete tear of my supraspinatus tendon wretraction and a 1 inch tear in my infraspinatus. The teres minor arises back part dorsum of the scapula along its outer lateral border. Its one of the rotator cuff muscles providing the mechanical link between the posterosuperior and anterior parts of the rotator cuff. Infraspinatus definition of infraspinatus by medical.
Infraspinatus can be palpated in the medial part of the infraspinous fossa when the arm is laterally rotated. While older citation reference works may still call for underlining, that format has. Each of the four tendons that makes up the rotator cuff hooks up to a muscle that moves the shoulder in a specific direction. Infraspinatus muscle contracture american college of. Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for books see r15. To palpate its tendon, the greater tubercle must be removed from under the acromion. Infraspinatus tendon contracture is the result of damage to the infraspinatus muscle and its tendon. T1 isolated injury of the infraspinatus branch of the suprascapular nerve.
Mastery of subscap and infra will give you an amazing key for success in treating shoulder pain, including the daunting diagnosis of frozen shoulder. Michael and rebecca mcgoodwin endowment for radiology resident and fellow. The infraspinatous muscle is one of the four muscles that comprise the rotator cuff. Effect of glenohumeral abduction angle on the mechanical. The joint loses its stability when one of the rotator cuff muscles is pulled. Detailed anatomical information of the infraspinatus is important in order to discuss muscle function. The infraspinatus muscle is part of the rotator cuff. When hangry or overworked, infraspinatus can make sleeping, lifting, pushing, pulling and pretty much just sitting in a chair uncomfortable.
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